Anti snake Venom

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Anti Snake Venom Serum-(Bulk) Polyvalent Anti-Snake Venom Serum (Polyvalent enzyme refined equine immunoglobulins)

Compositions:

Each 1ml ofserum neutralizes not less than 0.60 mg. of Cobra Venom (Naja Naja), 0.45 mg. of Krait venom (Bungarus caeruleus), 0.60 mg. of Russell s viper venom (Vipera russelli), 0.45 mg. of Saw scaled viper venom(Echis carinatus) Preservative phenol / cresol- 0.25%w/v

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SNAKEVENOM ANTISERUM IP - 10 mL Liquld/ Lyophleed(Polyvalent, enzyme refined, antvenom Immunoglobulin fragments)This is highly effective Anti Snake Venom. Snake Venom Antiserum is a sterile preparation containinng equine immunoglobulin fragments F(ab).The antivenom is supplied in liquid as well as freeze dried form.Each mL has capacity of specifically neutralizing the venom of the following species of Snake.0.60 mg of dried Indian Cobra (Najanaja) venom0.45 mg of dried Common Krait(Bungarus Caeruleus) Venom0.60 mg of dried Russell's viper(Daboia russelii) venom0.45 mg of dried Saw-scaled viper(Echis carinatus) venomThe antitoxicequine Immunoglobulin fragments and their derivatives are obtained from the serum of healthy equines immunized against venoms of the above species of snakes.
Reconstitution of Lyophillsed Antiserum - The antivenin is supplied in liquid as well as freeze dried form. The dried powder is reconstituted with 10mL of Sterile Water for Injections IP is supplied with this pack. The whole container of freeze dried powder dissolves into a clear Colourless or pale yellow liquid.
Administration and Dosage -Reconstituted antivenom / liquid antivenom is administered as soon possible if clear-cut signs/symptoms of envenomation are evident. It can be administered in two ways:1. Intravenous injections: Reconstituted antivenin is administered by slow intravenous injection (1-2mL/minute).2. Infusion: Reconstituted antivenin is diluted in isotonic saline or glucose solution, 5-10ml/Kg of body weight.At present there is no simple method to measure the amount of circulating venom in the body, therefore antivenin dose cannot be accurately recommended. The dose also depends on the type of snake bite and severity of envenomation. In consideration to the requirement of venom neutralization fast, two vials are usually injected directly by I.V. route slowly (i.e. 1-2mL/minute taking care of sensitivity reaction). Two more vials are given after half an hour to one hour, if the symptoms of envenomation persists. This way patient should be given doses (further dose can be given with Intravenous fluid) till the envenomation symptoms subside.The patient should be closely monitored for 2 hours. Local administration of antivenin in or around the bite site is ineffective painful and may raise intra Compartmental pressure, particularly in the digits. hence it is not recommended.
Snakebite manifestations  - 
In case of bite by Cobra or Krait there is creeping paralysis of muscles of eyelids, staggering gaft dificulty in speaking, blurred vision and dropping of head, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. These Symptoms are due to thepredominance of neurotoxins. Death may result within minutes or several hours due to respiratory failure. In case of Russell's viper and Saw Scaled viper, Paralytic manifestitions are uncommon  The usual manifestations comprise pèrsistent pain and swelling of the bitten limb with oozing of blood from the bitesite. Death usually results from cardiovascular shock or renal failure.
Anti Venin reactions -Anaphylaxis is life threatning, but if the correct protocolls followed, It can be effectively treated and dealt with Anaphylaxis can be of rapid onset and can deteriorate Into a life- threatening emergency very quickly. The patient should be monitored closely and at the first sign of any of the following, antivenin should be discontinued, and 0.5 mg of 1:1000 adrenaline must be administered intramuscularly: urticaria, itching. fever, chills or rigor, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, tachycardia, hypotension bronchospasm and angioedema. Children must be given 0.01 mg/kgg body weight of adrenaline I. In addition, to provide longer term protection against anaphylactic reaction, 100 mg of hydrocortisone and 10 mg of H1 antihistamine can be given 1.V. The dose for children is 0.2 mg/Kg of antihistamine L.V. and 2mg/Kg of hydrocortisone, IV